Method for Amelioration of the Glyphosate Effect

ABSTRACT

A method to overcome the unintended effects of repeated glyphosate applications and improve the health and vigor of plants, by remediating the soil with soil remediating microbes and replenishing the amino acid pool by applying foliar essential amino acids.

RELATED PATENT APPLICATION

This patent application is a divisional of and claims priority from U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/831,759, filed Mar. 15, 2013, pending,which claims priority from U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/983,129,filed Dec. 31, 2010, abandoned, which claims priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/335,156, filed Dec. 31, 2009,expired, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/766,124, filedFeb. 19, 2013, expired.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION I. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to the amelioration of glyphosate effects onplants, soils and microorganisms.

II. Description of Relevant Art

Glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, is the most used herbicide inthe history of agriculture. Weed management programs in glyphosateresistant (GR) field crops have provided highly effective weed control.However, this broad-spectrum, systemic herbicide has had unintendedeffects on nutrient availability and disease severity, therebythreatening its sustainability. A significant increase in diseaseseverity associated with the wide spread application of the glyphosateherbicide can be the result of direct glyphosate-induced weakening ofplant defenses and increased pathogen population and virulence.

Indirect effects of glyphosate on disease susceptible plants result fromimmobilization of micronutrients, reduced growth and vigor of plants,accumulation of glyphosate in plant tissues, and altered soil microfauna and flora. In order to improve economic yield of crops it isnecessary to overcome the unintended effects of repeated glyphosateapplication.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,908,882 issued to Becher, et al, discusses that theaddition to a glyphosate herbicide of a composition having at least twosurfactants, one of which has a cationic or protonatable amino group andthe other of which is an anionic N-acyl derivative of an amino acid or asalt thereof, unexpectedly provides herbicidal activity that issynergistically greater than that provided by either one of thesesurfactants alone at an equal weight ratio of total surfactant toglyphosate. This does not however change or diminish the unintendedeffects of glyphosate.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,863 to Hasebe, et al. discusses a liquid enhancercomposition for glyphosate comprising specific tertiary amine and aderivative thereof, at least one oxalic acid or a salt thereof selectedfrom the group consisting of oxalic acid, potassium oxalate,alkanolamine salts of oxalic acid, and lower alkylamine salts of oxalicacid, wherein the ratio of oxalic acid or the salt thereof is 0.1 to 10times mole per mole of the nitrogen-containing compound. The enhancercomposition is said to have an excellent stability with lapse of time toa change in temperatures and to markedly enhance the medicinal efficacyof an amino acid series herbicide even when the composition is used in aliquid form in combination with the herbicide. Again this does notdiminish the unintended effects of glyphosate.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention solves the problem of increased disease pressure onplants and decreased crop yield following treatment of plants withglyphosate or the growing of the plants in soils to which glyphosate hasbeen applied. According to the invention aromatic amino acids are addedto the plants or soil containing the glyphosate and the glyphosate inthe soil is catabolized, preferably by microorganisms. The aromaticamino acids may preferably be added to the plant or soil before, duringand/or after a glyphosate application to the plant and/or soil. If anaccidental application of glyphosate to the crop is made, thecombination of amino acids and microorganisms may be used to preventherbicidal effects of glyphosate. Suitable microorganisms forcatabolizing glyphosate according to the invention may be obtained byadding to the soil a yeast additive comprising Saccharomyces cerevisiae,leonardite/lignite, and naturally-occurring substances found in theyeast fermentation broth.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a photograph of petri dishes showing test resultsdemonstrating that an additive of the invention is capable ofcatabolizing glyphosate pesticide.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of petri dishes showing test resultsdemonstrating that an additive of the invention is capable ofcatabolizing glyphosate pesticide in soil while promoting bacterialgrowth inhibited by glyphosate.

FIG. 3 is a photograph of petri dishes showing test resultsdemonstrating that fungal and bacterial growth were inhibited by a plantwith access to essential amino acids.

FIG. 4 is a photograph of field test results showing plants treatedaccording to the invention resisted citrus greening disease, whileuntreated plants did not.

FIG. 5 is a photograph of plant leaves from the field test of FIG. 4,indicating that the treated plants had normal, healthy leaves while theuntreated plants did not.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Introduction

The mode of action of glyphosate is inhibition of the enzyme 5enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphatase synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimicacid pathway. This biochemical pathway is responsible for plantproduction of essential amino acids. Glyphosate is an effectiveherbicide because the compound remains intact in the plant with littledegradation. Glyphosate is often described as exhibiting little or noactivity in soil due to potential rapid adsorption on soil inorganic andorganic particles.

However, some studies show that glyphosate is available in the soilafter application, so then the glyphosate is available for uptake byplant roots, and microbial catabolism. The lingering glyphosate hasoften shown effects on economic yield of crops; some of these includeyellowing of the foliage, increased disease pressure, and, economicyield lags.

This invention solves the problem of increased disease pressure anddecreased yield by the addition of aromatic amino acids to the plant orsoil along with microorganisms capably of catabolizing glyphosate. Thearomatic amino acids may preferably be added to the plant or soilbefore, during and/or after a glyphosate application to the plant and/orsoil. If an accidental application of glyphosate to the crop is made,the combination of amino acids and microorganism of the invention may beused to prevent the herbicidal effects of glyphosate.

Without the present invention, glyphosate acts as a selective biocide,having the consequence of important bacteria and fungi being challengedand removed from the soil profile after a glyphosate application.Exacerbating the effect of pesticides on plants is a furtherconsequence—the chelation of micronutrients necessary for the ordinaryenzymatic actions for plant cell production, maintenance, and immunesystem integrity. The combination of selecting out pathogenic fungi,lowering the beneficial bacteria counts, accumulating toxicconcentrations of pesticide, and inhibition of mineral nutrition oftenbecomes a deadly combination for viable plants, and gives rise to theneed for the present invention.

Experiments

Recently, several reports have been made of disease in commodity cropproduction that cannot be cultured in the laboratory. This includesCitrus Greening. For instance, the disease Citrus Greening is oftendescribed ambiguously in literature as:

-   -   citrus huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening), is a highly        destructive disease that has been spreading in both Florida and        Brazil. HLB is a difficult disease to manage due to the        nonspecific nature of disease symptoms, prolonged latency of the        disease in field trees, probable irregular distribution of the        pathogen in trees, effect of environment on symptom expression        and possibly on bacterial multiplication, probable variations in        tolerance to the bacterium in both the plant host and the        vectors, and the fastidious nature of the bacterium. Even the        most sensitive diagnostic tests available today are not adequate        to certify a vector compromised tree as HLB-free. The tests can        be treated only as confirmatory without much diagnostic value. A        reliable plant-based diagnostic test probably would have to be        based on a host systemic response specific to HLB, which        presently is unknown.    -   Visual symptoms and biological indexing have been the historical        means of diagnosis of HLB. Still, detection systems are being        developed using electron microscopy, HLB-specific fluorescent        substance, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) with        monoclonal antibodies. PCR based detection methods were        developed based on sequences of the 16s ribosomal DNA and other        regions of the bacterial genome. Sensitive detection methods for        confirmation of symptoms developed include real-time        quantitative PCR (qPCR) and loop-mediated isothermal        amplification.    -   There is no good source of genetic resistance to HLB in the        genus Citrus or its relatives, and the disease cannot be        controlled once the trees are infected. Management of HLB is        dependent on prevention and reduction of inoculum in the field,        achieved through the use of disease-free planting material        (impossible), control of psyllid population in the groves        (impossible), and timely removal of infected trees (impossible        if infection cannot be determined). Because of limitations in        the early detection of the disease, epidemiological models of        the spread of HLB are based on symptoms (Visual), and assume a        linear relationship between infection and symptom expression.        HLB symptoms develop in about 20% of grafted plants within 3 to        12 months of graft inoculation under greenhouse conditions, but        the same cannot be assumed for large trees under field        situations. The latency period for the disease prior to symptom        expression under field conditions is not clear, and information        about the interval between psyllid inoculation of ‘Ca. L.        asiaticus’ in a field tree and the time when other psyllids can        acquire the HLB bacteria from that tree is not available.

So then, the only argument for identification is 16S rRNA; however,there are two organelles found in many eukaryotic cells, mitochondriaand chloroplasts (present in all plant cells), which contain ribosomessimilar in size and makeup to those found in prokaryotes. This is one ofmany pieces of evidence that mitochondria and chloroplasts arethemselves descended from free-living bacteria. With that we understandwithout growing bacterium in culture that it is impossible to assigninfection via bacteria with 16S rRNA methods. Prior art literature hasreported that, “The possibility exists that the HLB bacterium lacksvital gene functions that would allow it to grow in axenic culture. Theintimate association of the HLB bacterium with its hosts may havepermitted such gene functions to be provided by the host. In this case,it may be necessary to grow the HLB bacterium in co-culture with anotherorganism that can provide the missing metabolites.” This limitationargues against an exclusive role for this bacterium in HLB citrusgreening disease.

Contrary to prior art teachings, I have concluded HLB in Florida is ametabolic disease without a bacterial infection being a major cause. Theavailable literature on the disease cannot be assimilated into aworkable hypothesis that includes a bacterial infection as the majorcause in my opinion. I have shown that microbial soil amendments withthe capacity to catabolize pesticides remove all symptoms of thegreening disease. The recovery of the orchard is accelerated whenessential amino acids are applied to the plants.

Plants with Immune System Deficiencies:

Crops other than citrus also suffer nutrient deficiency and enzymeinhibition that prevents disease resistance as a result of glyphosateapplication. For instance, glyphosate inhibits production of essentialamino acids. When those essential amino acids are placed in agar mediathe bacteria and fungi present in infected plant tissue fail to grow; infact, they die. Similarly, when the media has chelated metal ions added,the fungi and bacteria fail to thrive. This is important in that simplecompounds added to the media at ppm concentrations is enough to preventdisease from growing (spreading). It is simply the addition of the aminoacids to agar that inhibits pathogens and draws a clear zone ofinhibition; this implies the infection would not have occurred if theplant's essential amino acid production was viable and glyphosate wasnot present in the soil; the addition of ppm selected metal salts hadthe same effect.

EXAMPLES Example 1

Growers typically spray 1 quart of a 39% glyphosate per acre, at adilution of one quart in 20 gallons of water. That would be a dilutionof 80 to 1, or 1.25%. Because I purchased a 25% glyphosate I had to makea concentration adjustment. 0.39/0.25=1.56 concentration difference.

So, 1.25*1.56=or 1.95% of the 25% glyphosate is the equivalent. In 300ml mix of Difco Plate Count Agar, I added 6 ml of the 25% Glyphosate. Asthe agar cooled I dropped NutriSmart® additive into the media. Controlon the left, SGN 150 center and SGN 250 on the right. (FIG. 1).

This experiment shows the ability of the NutriSmart® additive tocatabolize the glyphosate pesticide. It appears the addition ofglyphosate to the media selects out fungal populations commonly found insoil.

Example 2

An increase of 100× in overall bacterial activity after 7 days in soilsseeded with NutriSmart® additive—both in glyphosate treated soil (4%solution) and soil with no added glyphosate. As seen in FIG. 2, theeffect is slightly greater in the glyphosate added soil. The fungalpresence appears fairly constant in both treatments.

This experiment shows the ability of the NutriSmart® additive tocatabolize the glyphosate pesticide in soil while promoting bacterialgrowth inhibited by the glyphosate acting as a biocide. It appears theaddition of glyphosate to the media selects out fungal populationscommonly found in soil; while NutriSmart® additive promotes both fungaland bacterial growth. NutriSmart® additive reportedly is composed ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae at 10⁶ cfu/g, starch, Leonardite/lignite, and,naturally-occurring substances found in the yeast fermentation broth.NutriSmart® additive supports and increases nitrogenase levels in thesoil.

Example 3

Tomato plants growing in glyphosate treated soil from Ohio had symptomsof disease. The sap from the stems of these plants was placed in DifcoPlate Count Agar and bacteria and fungi prospered. However, the additionof essential amino acids at ppm concentrations was enough to inhibit thegrowth with strong lines of inhibition (FIG. 3). When the amino acidswere replaced with a chelated metal solution the same line of inhibitionwas found. The amino acids added were Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, andIndole (a precursor to Tryptophan). The chelated metal solutionconsisted of 1% chelated nickel 1.69% molybdic oxide and 0.24% seleniumoxide.

This experimental breakthrough shows the pathogens present in the tomatoplants could have been easily controlled by the plant itself ifessential amino acid production had not been curtailed by prior use ofpesticides that block plant essential amino acid biochemical pathway.

Example 4

In a field experiment a forty acre field was divided in half. Theexperiment was set up per the protocol below. Treatments were appliedNovember 2012.

20 Acre Plot; 4×5 Acre Treatment Plots

Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3 Treatment 4 KaPre ® KaPre ® KaPre ®KaPre ® proCreate proCreate proCreate proCreate Nutrol ® Nutrol ®Nutrol ® Nutrol ® NutriSmart ® NutriSmart ® NutriSmart ® NutriSmart ®Semonia Semonia Semonia Concentrate Concentrate Concentrate 3 Amigos 3Amigos KaPre Argosy

Foliar Product Requirements Number of Foliar Apply Rate/Acre AcresAmount Needed KaPre ® proCreate ½ Gallon 20 10 Gallons Nutrol ® 3 Pounds20 60 Pounds Semonia Concentrate ½ Gallon 15 7.5 Gallons 3 Amigos 1Gallon 10 10 Gallons KaPre Argosy 1¼ Gallon 5 1¼ Gallons

Soil-Applied Product Requirements Number of Soil Apply Rate/Acre AcresAmount Needed KaPre ® proCreate ½ Gallon 20 10 Gallons (throughIrrigation) NutriSmart ® 200 Pounds 20 4,000 Pounds Semonia Concentrate½ Gallon 15 7.5 Gallons (through Irrigation)

All trees in the orchard treated with NutriSmart® additive flourishedwith no sign of citrus greening disease (FIGS. 4 and 5); in fact, fourmonths after treatment all symptoms of Citrus Greening disease areabsent in the treated areas and present in the non-treated areas.

In an effort to address the published prior art information about citrusgreening, the evidence shown here, when considered with the prior artliterature, leads to the conclusion that citrus greening disease isprobably not a bacterial infection. No bacteria have been found orcultured for the malady; only morphology and color changes have beenreported. Without wishing to be limited by theory, it is my belief thecitrus crops are suffering from cultural practices that promote changesin the soil microbial populations, buildup of pesticides from repeatedapplications in soil ill-equipped to catabolize, and simply an eventsuch as a fertilizer application that desorbs the pesticides at highconcentrations that produce a toxic environment for the trees or otherplants. The absorption of the dissolved pesticides block the trees/plantability to produce essential amino acids and from that morphologicalchanges in the leaves, flowers, and fruit are apparent.

When NutriSmart® additive is applied to the soil the beneficial microbesare replenished, microbes capable of bioremediation of pesticidesflourish and the orchards regain their health; while the applications offoliar essential amino acids replenish the amino acid pool andmorphology reverts to normal.

Preferred aromatic amino acids for use in the invention may be selectedfrom the group consisting of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophane,and the phenolic derivatives of phenylalanine, tyrosine, andtryptophane, used alone or in combination.

As used herein, the following trademarked products may be obtained fromthe companies indicated:

KaPre® procreate, is a registered trademark of LidoChem, Inc., and theproduct is available from LidoChem, Inc. in Hazlet, N.J., consisting of7.8% urea phosphite, 1% Zn, 0.25% Mn, 0.125% Cu and 0.025% B, and 10⁷cfu′s/ml Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

Nutrol®, is a registered trademark of LidoChem, Inc., and the product isavailable from LidoChem, Inc. in Hazlet, N.J.

NutriSmart®, is a registered trademark of CK Life Sciences Int'l.,(Holdings) Inc., and the product is available from LidoChem, Inc. inHazlet, N.J. Visually, the NutriSmart® additive encourages what appearsto be Trichoderma species in petri dishes, particularly, T. virile andTrichoderma harzianum.

Semonia Concentrate, is a product available from LidoChem, Inc. inHazlet, N.J., consisting of 1% chelated nickel, 1.69% molybdic oxide and0.24% selenium oxide.

3 Amigos, is a product available from LidoChem, Inc in Hazlet, N.J.,consisting of Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, and Indole (a precursor toTryptophan).

KaPre Argosy, is a product available from LidoChem, Inc. in Hazlet, N.J.

Discussion of Possible Components for Admixes:

For practical application, the aromatic amino acids for use according tothis invention may be used or applied alone or may generally form partof formulations which also comprise a support and/or a surfactant inaddition to active materials.

In the context of the invention, a support is an organic or mineral,natural or synthetic material, with which the active material isassociated to facilitate its application, for example, in the case offertilizer, fungicides and herbicides, to the plant, to seeds or tosoil, or to facilitate its transportation or handling. The support canbe solid (e.g, clays, natural or synthetic silicates, resins, waxes,solid fertilizer and fungicides) or fluid (e.g., water, alcohols,ketones, petroleum fractions, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases,liquid fertilizer and fungicides). When a surfactant is used, thesurfactant can be a ionic or non-ionic emulsifier, dispersant or wettingagent such as, for example, salts of polyacrylic acids andlignin-sulphonic acids, condensates of ethylene oxide with fattyalcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines.

The compositions comprising the amino acids of the present invention canbe prepared in the form of wettable powders, soluble powders, dustingpowders, granulates, solutions, emulsifiable concentrates, emulsions,suspended concentrates and aerosols.

The wettable powders according to the invention can be prepared in sucha way that they contain the active material, and they often or typicallycontain, in addition to a solid support, a wetting agent, a dispersantand, when necessary, one or more stabilizers and/or other additives,such as, for example, penetration agents, adhesives or anti-lumpingagents, colorants etc.

Aqueous dispersions and emulsions, such as, for example, compositionscomprising the compounds of this invention obtained by diluting withwater a wettable powder or an emulsifiable concentrate are also includedwithin the general scope of the invention. These emulsions can be of thewater-in-oil type or of the oil-in-water type, and can have a thickconsistency resembling that of a “mayonnaise”.

The compositions comprising the compounds of the present invention cancontain other ingredients, for example protective colloids, adhesives orthickeners, thixotropic agents, stabilizers or sequestrants, as well asother active materials. A modest list of examples of possibleformulation components for inclusion with the compositions of thisinvention follows without limitation.

The supposed function of this component is to supply carbon skeleton forsynthesis of proteins and other molecules or to supply energy formetabolism. Water-soluble carbohydrates such as sucrose, fructose,glucose and other di- and monosaccharides are suitable, commonly in theform of molasses or other by-products of food manufacture. Commerciallyavailable lignosulfonates, discussed below under the heading “ComplexingAgents,” are also suitable as a CSE source inasmuch as they commonlycontain sugars.

CSE Components:

Sugar—mannose, lactose, dextrose, erythrose, fructose, fucose,galactose, glucose, gulose, maltose, polysaccharide, raffinose, ribose,ribulose, rutinose, saccharose, stachyose, trehalose, xylose, xylulose,adonose, amylose, arabinose, fructose phosphate, fucose-p, galactose-p,glucose-p, lacto-p, maltose-p, mannose-p, ribose-p, ribulose-p,xylose-p, xylulose-p, deoxyribose, corn steep liquor, whey, corn sugar,corn syrup, maple syrup, grape sugar, grape syrup, beet sugar, sorghummolasses, cane molasses, calcium lignosulfonate sugar alcohol—adonitol,galactitol, glucitol, maltitol, mannitol, mannitol-p, ribitol, sorbitol,sorbitol-p, xylitol xxxx acids—glucuronic acid, a-ketoglutaric acid,galacturonic acid, glutaric acid, gluconic acid, pyruvic acid, polygalacturonic acid, saccharic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malicacid, oxaloacetic acid, aspartic acid, phosphoglyceric acid, fulvicacid, ulmic acid, humic acid, glutamic acid.

Nucleotides and bases—adenosine, adenosine-p, adenosine-p-glucose,uridine, uridine-p, uridine-p-glucose, thymine, thymine-p, cytosine,cytosine-p, guanosine, guanosine-p, guanosine-p-glucose, guanine,guanine-p, NADPH, NADH, FMN, FADH

The Macronutrient Components:

The macronutrients are essential to nutrition and growth. The mostimportant macronutrients are N, P and K. Some example nitrogen compoundsare: ammonium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphatesulfate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphatenitrate, diammoniumphosphate, ammoniated single superphosphate, ammoniated triplesuperphosphate, nitric phosphates, ammonium chloride, aqua ammonia,ammonia-ammonium nitrate solutions, calcium ammonium nitrate, calciumnitrate, calcium Cyanamid, sodium nitrate, urea, urea-formaldehyde,urea-ammonium nitrate solution, nitrate of soda potash, potassiumnitrate, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids.

Example Phosphate sources include: superphosphate (single, double and/ortriple), phosphoric acid, ammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphatesulfate, ammonium phosphate nitrate, diammonium phosphate, ammoniatedsingle superphosphate, ammoniated single superphosphate, ammoniatedtriple superphosphate, nitric phosphates, potassium pyrophosphates,sodium pyrophosphate, nucleic acid phosphates and phosphonic andphosphorous acid derivatives.

The potassium ion for example can be found in: potassium chloride,potassium sulfate, potassium gluconate, sulfate of potash magnesia,potassium carbonate, potassium acetate, potassium citrate, potassiumhydroxide, potassium manganate, potassium phosphate, potassiummolybdate, potassium thiosulfate, potassium zinc sulfate and the like.

Calcium sources include for example: calcium ammonium nitrate, calciumnitrate, calcium Cyanamid, calcium acetate, calcium acetylsalicylate,calcium borate, calcium borogluconate, calcium carbonate, calciumchloride, calcium citrate, calcium ferrous citrate, calciumglycerophosphate, calcium lactate, calcium oxide, calcium pantothenate,calcium propionate, calcium saccharate, calcium sulfate, calciumtartrate and the like.

Magnesium can be found for example in: magnesium oxide, dolomite,magnesium acetate, magnesium benzoate, magnesium bisulfate, magnesiumborate, magnesium chloride, magnesium citrate, magnesium nitrate,magnesium phosphate, magnesium salicylate, magnesium sulfate.

Sulfur containing compounds include for example: ammonium sulfate,ammonium phosphate sulfate, calcium sulfate, potassium sulfate,magnesium sulfate, sulfuric acid, cobalt sulfate, copper sulfate, ferricsulfate, ferrous sulfate, sulfur, cysteine, methionine and elementalsulfur.

Micronutrient Components:

The most important micronutrients are or comprise: Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, B,Co, Se, and Mo.

Vitamin/Cofactor Components:

The most important are folic acid, biotin, pantothenic acid, nicotinicacid, riboflavin and thiamine and include for example: Thiamine-thiaminepyrophosphate, thiamine monophosphate, thiamine disulfide, thiaminemononitrate, thiamine phosphoric acid ester chloride, thiaminephosphoric acid ester phosphate salt, thiamine 1,5 salt, thiamine triphosphoric acid ester, thiamine tri phosphoric acid salt, yeast, yeastextract Riboflavin-riboflavin acetyl phosphate, flavin adeninedinucleotide, flavin adenine mononucleotide, riboflavin phosphate,yeast, and, yeast extract. Nicotinic acid-nicotinic acid adeninedinucleotide, nicotinic acid amide, nicotinic acid benzyl ester,nicotinic acid monoethanolamine salt, yeast, yeast extract, nicotinicacid hydrazide, nicotinic acid hydroxamate, nicotinicacid-N-(hydroxymethyl)amide, nicotinic acid methyl ester, nicotinic acidmononucleotide, nicotinic acid nitrile. Pyridoxine-pyridoxal phosphate,yeast, yeast extract Folic acid-yeast, yeast extract, folinic acid.Biotin-biotin sulfoxide, yeast, yeast extract, biotin 4-amidobenzoicacid, biotin amidocaproate N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, biotin6-amidoquinoline, biotin hydrazide, biotin methyl ester,d-biotin-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, biotin-maleimide, d-biotinp-nitrophenyl ester, biotin propranolol, 5-(N-biotinyl)-3aminoallyl)-uridine 5′-triphosphate, biotinylated uridine5′-triphosphate, N-e-biotinyl-lysine. Pantothenic acid—yeast, yeastextract, coenzyme A, Cyanocobalamin—yeast, yeast extract.Phosphatidylcholine-soybean oil, eggs bovine heart, bovine brain, bovineliver, L-a-phosphatidylcholine, B-acetyl-g-O-alkyl, D-a-phosphatidylcholine (PTCn), B-acetyl-g-O-hexadecyl, DL-a-PTCh,B-acetyl-g-O-hexadecyl, L-a-PTCh, B-acetyl-g-O-(octadec-9-cis-enyl),L-a-PTCh, B-arachidonoyl, g-stearoyl, L-a-PTCh, diarachidoyl, L-a-PTCh,dibehenoyl (dibutyroyl, dicaproyl, dicapryloyl, didecanoyl, dielaidoyl,12 diheptadecanoyl, diheptanoyl), DL-a-PTCh dilauroyl, L-a-PTChdimyristoyl (dilauroyl, dilinoleoyl, dinonanoyl, dioleoyl,dipentadeconoyl, dipalmitoyl, distearoyl, diundecanoyl, divaleroyl,B-elaidoyl-a-palmitoyl, B-linoleoyl-a-palmitoyl) DL-a-PTChdi-O-hexadecyl (dioleoyl, dipalmitoyl, B—O-methyl-g-O-hexadecyl,B-oleoyl-g-O-hexadecyl, B-palmitoyl-g-O-hexadecyl), D-a-PTChdipalmitoyl, L-a-PTCh, B—O-methyl-g-O-octadecyl, L-a-PTCh,B—(NBD-aminohexanoyl)-g-palmitoyl, L-a-PTCh, B-oleoyl-g-O-palmitoyl(stearoyl), L-a-PTCh, B-palmitoyl-g-oleoyl, L-a-PTCh,B-palmitoyl-a-(pyren 1-yl) hexanoyl, L-a-PTCh,B(pyren-1-yl)-decanoyl-g-palmitoyl, L-a-PTCh,B-(pyren-1-yl)-hexanoyl-g-palmitoyl, L-a-PTCh, B-stearoyl-g-oleoyl.Inositol—inositol monophosphate, inositol macinate, myo-inositol,epi-inositol, myo-inositol 2,2′anhydro-2-c-hydroxymethyl(2-c-methylene-myoinositol oxide), D-myo-inositol 1,4-bisphosphate,DL-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic monophosphate, myo-inositol dehydrogenase,myo-inositol hexanicotinate, inositol hexaphosphate, myo-inositolhexasulfate, myo-inositol 2-monophosphate, D-myo-inositol1-monophosphate, DL-myo-inositol 1-monophosphate, D-myo-inositoltriphosphate, scyllo-inositol PABA—m-aminobenzoic acid, O-aminobenzoicacid, p-aminobenzoic acid butyl ester, PABA ethyl ester, 3-ABA ethylester.

Complexing Agents:

The function of this component, particularly in agriculturalapplications, aside from its proposed use as a Carbon skeleton agent, isto solubilize other components of the composition which otherwise mayprecipitate and become assailable or may immobilize minerals in the soilwhich might otherwise be unavailable to flora and fauna. Complexingagents such as, for example, citric acid, humic acids, lignosulfonate,etc. serve to tie up ions such as iron and prevent them from formingprecipitates. In some cases this complexing is by way of chelation.These agents may form complexes with the following compounds forexample: Citric acid; Ca, K, Na and ammonium lignosulfonates, fulvicacid, ulmic acid, humic acid, Katy-J, EDTA, EDDA(ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid), EDDHA, HEDTA, CDTA, PTPA, NTA, MEA,IDS, EDDS, and 4-phenylbutyric acid.

Other complexing agents include for example: Al and its salts, Zn—zincoxide, zinc acetate, zinc benzoate, zinc chloride, zinc citrate, zincnitrate, zinc salicylate, ziram Ni compounds, Fe—ferric chloride, ferriccitrate, ferric fructose, ferric glycerophosphate, ferric nitrate,ferric oxide (saccharated), ferrous chloride, ferrous citrate ferrousfumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate. Mn—manganese acetate,manganese chloride, manganese nitrate, manganese phosphate, Cu—cupricacetate, cupric butyrate, cupric chlorate, cupric chloride, cupriccitrate, cupric gluconate, cupric glycollate, cupric nitrate, cupricsalicylate, cuprous acetate, cuprous chloride. B—calcium borate,potassium borohydride, borax, boron trioxide, potassium borotartrate,potassium tetraborate, sodium borate, sodium borohydride, sodiumtetraborate and boric acid. Mo—molybdic acid, calcium molybdate,potassium molybdate, sodium molybdate. Co—cobaltic acetate, cobaltousacetate, cobaltous chloride, cobaltous oxalate, cobaltous potassiumsulfate, cobaltous sulfate, and selinates.

Growth Regulators:

Seaweed extract-kelp extract, Kinetin, Kinetin riboside, benzyladenine,zeatin riboside, zeatin, extract of corn cockle, isopentenyl adenine,dihydrozeatin, indoleacetic acid, phenylacetic acid, IBA, indoleethanol, indole acetaldehyde, indoleacetonitrile, indole derivitives,gibberellins (e.g. GA1, GA2, GA3, GA4, GA7, GA38 etc.) polyamines,monoethanolamine, allopurinol, GA inhibitors, ethylene inducingcompounds, ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors, GABA, anticytokinins andantiauxins, ABA inducers and inhibitors, and other known growthregulators.

Gum Components:

Xanthan gum-guar gum, gum agar, gum accroides, gum arabic, gumcarrageenan, gum damar, gum elemi, gum ghatti, gum guaiac, gum karya,locust bean gum, gum mastic, gum pontianak, gum rosin, gum storax, gumtragacanth

Microbialstats, Proprionic Acid, Benzoic Acid, Sorbic Acid, Proteins andAmino Acids, Buffers

Phosphate buffer, formate or acetate buffer, AMP buffer, calciumtartrate, glycine buffer, phosphate citrate buffer, tris buffer, ECT. Ifdesired, a formulation or composition of the present invention may alsoinclude beneficial microorganisms.

While preferred embodiments of the invention have been shown anddescribed, modifications thereof can be made by one skilled in the artwithout departing from the spirit and teachings of the invention. Theembodiments described herein are exemplary only, and are not intended tobe limiting. Many variations and modifications of the inventiondisclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the invention.

Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the descriptionset out above, including the claims, and that scope includes allequivalents of the subject matter of the claims. Each and every claim isincorporated into the specification as an embodiment of the presentinvention. Thus, the claims are a further description and are anaddition to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Thedisclosures of the references cited herein are hereby incorporated byreference, to the extent that they provide exemplary, procedural, orother details supplementary to those set forth herein.

I claim:
 1. A method for treating maladies in plants caused byglyphosate by applying to the soil containing the plants microbescapable of catabolizing glyphosate such that the plants revert tohealth.
 2. A method for treating or preventing maladies in plantspreviously treated with glyphosate or growing in soil to whichglyphosate has previously been or is being applied, the methodcomprising: applying to the plants or soil an aromatic amino acid; andcatabolizing glyphosate in the soil.
 3. The method of claim 2 whereinthe amino acids are selected from the group consisting of phenylalanine,typrosine, tryptophan, phenolic derivatives of these amino acids, andcombinations thereof.
 4. The method of claim 2 wherein the glyphosate inthe soil is catabolized with microbes.
 5. The method of claim 2 furthercomprising applying to the soil a yeast additive comprisingSaccharomyces cerevisiae, leonardite/lignite, and naturally-occurringsubstances found in the yeast fermentation broth.
 6. The method of claim1 further comprising adding an Admix to the soil.
 7. The method of claim2 further comprising adding an Admix to the soil.
 8. The method of claim5 wherein the yeast additive supports and increases nitrogenase levelsin the soil.
 9. The method of claim 5 wherein the yeast additive resultsin the catabolizing of glyphostate in the soil.